MORROW · KNOWLEDGE & NOTES
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What Is pH? The pH Scale Explained and Why 1 Unit Is a 10× Change
pH = −log10[H+], so each unit is a tenfold change: pH 3 has 100× the hydrogen ions of pH 5. Typical values, why 7 is neutral at 25 °C, and how to measure pH.
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Why Does Ice Float? Water's Density Peak at 4°C Explained
Hydrogen bonds hold ice in an open hexagonal lattice, so it is about 8% less dense than water. Water itself peaks at 4°C, so lakes freeze from the top.
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