Materials Engineering Terminology: A Glossary Focused on Original Terms

Today, I have compiled a glossary focused on terms frequently used in materials engineering.

• Poisson's ratio: The ratio of lateral strain to axial strain.. It is dimensionless, and indicates how much a material deforms when subjected to a force..
• Resilience: The ability of a material to absorb energy during elastic deformation.. It represents the combination of material strength and elasticity..
• Shear modulus: The ratio of shear strain to shear stress.. It indicates how much a material deforms under a shear load..
• Shear strength: The maximum shear stress a material can withstand.. It is an important indicator of how much shear loading a material can withstand..
• Slip: The tendency toward plastic deformation through movement within a material.. This commonly occurs in crystals..
• Specific modulus & Specific strength: These refer respectively to modulus per unit volume and strength per unit density.. They are used to evaluate material efficiency..
• Stiffness: The ability to resist deformation under a load,, that is, stiffness.. It is the opposite of flexibility..
• Tensile strength: The maximum tensile stress a material can withstand before failure.. It is an important indicator of material strength..
• Toughness: The ability of a material to absorb energy, and withstand plastic deformation.. It represents the combination of strength and plasticity..
• Yield strength: The stress at which a material begins to undergo plastic deformation.. It is an important indicator of how much load a material can withstand..
• Anisotropy: The condition in which a material's properties differ with direction.. This is common in materials such as fiber-reinforced composites and wood..
• Elasticity: The ability of a material to return to its original state after deformation..
• Plasticity: The ability of a material to withstand permanent deformation..
• Ductility: The property indicating how much a material can elongate under a tensile load.
• Malleability: The property indicating how much a material can extend under a compressive load.
• Creep: The gradual deformation of a material over time under high temperature or sustained stress.
• Resilience: The ability of a material to recover after elastic deformation.
• Damping: The ability of a material to dissipate vibrational energy.
• Thermal expansion: The property indicating how much a material's volume changes with temperature.
• Mass diffusivity: The property indicating how easily one substance can diffuse within another.
• Coefficient of restitution: The ratio of final to initial relative velocity after two objects collide. It has a value of 1 for a perfectly elastic collision.
• Flexural strength: The property indicating how much stress a material can withstand under a bending load.
• Poisson's ratio: A value expressing the ratio of a material's axial and lateral strains.
• Slip: The tendency toward plastic deformation through movement inside a crystal.
• Resilience: The ability of a material to absorb and recover energy during elastic deformation.
• Specific weight: The property expressing weight per unit volume.
• Stiffness: The ability of a material to resist deformation caused by an external force.
• Viscosity: The property indicating how strongly a fluid resists deformation because of viscosity.
• Surface roughness: The deviation in the direction of the normal vector of an actual surface.
• Bulk Modulus: The ratio of volumetric compressive strain to pressure.
• Young's Modulus: The ratio of linear strain to linear stress.

For more detailed information, see

Sources:https://allabouteng.com/mechanical-properties-of-material/

for further reading.